E-Learning E-learning is the hot word on the block in training and investment circles. The term is elusive, and means something a little different to everyone. In terms of learning delivery approach e-learning is asynchronous: the learner does not receive instruction in the presence of an instructor or other students.

Definition

• Learning efforts that use computer and communications technologies such as online courses, virtual universities, and digital courseware to train or educate students. This is one of education's fastest areas of growth.
• Training and educational materials delivered over the Internet, intranet, extranet or CD-ROM. Usually, these materials take the form of computer based training (CBT) courses, including distributed learning, distance learning (other than pure correspondence) and Web-based learning.
• E-learning can be given time-table with a determined schedule; at your own pace with a flexible schedule; instructor-led or computer-based; or a combination of the above.

The learner can repeat a lesson as many times as he needs, extracting the parts of the course he requires without wasting time going through material he has already mastered. Learners can proceed through an electronic program at their own pace, stopping and starting as desired. E-learning can be designed to offer different levels of complexity, targeting a wider training audience and customizing training accordingly.

E-learning encompasses computer based training (CBT), using a computer in combination with compact disks with read-only memory (CD-ROMs), digital video disks (DVDs) or browser driven, Web-based training (WBT). E-learning can be networked or single user based. E-learning vehicles depend on the technology available and bandwidth capacity. Lower bandwidth means that fewer graphic, animation, sound and video elements are possible.

E-learning at higher bandwidth can be interesting, often enriched with the use of sound, animation, simulation and video. It is generally agreed that this creates a learning process that is more interesting and interactive for the learner, but this approach often requires higher bandwidth.

The downside of highly interactive programs is the need for robust systems with high storage and transmission capacities.

Development time and effort for highly interactive programs can be cost prohibitive for small populations or content restricted to a specialized audience.

Asynchronous e-learning is criticized when there is no instructor staff available to whom the trainees can ask questions and get direct feedback. Rectify this by offering support through a help line, or allow learners to ask an instructor or tutor questions online. This accommodates learners and makes them feel comfortable.

Once information is produced on a read-only compact disc, it is static. Information on CDs cannot be updated unless a new version is released. Internet delivery solutions, on the other hand, offer more flexibility in terms of updating. Available bandwidth is less, but elasticity for content change is enormous. Consider the size and sophistication of your targeted learning audience. Do they have access to appropriate computer equipment? These are prime considerations when deciding on e-learning delivery mechanisms. In addition, consider your timeframe and budget.

Benefits of E-learning

Anytime, anywhere learning	Students can access classes, simulations or discussion groups whenever they want, from wherever they choose. There are some restrictions with synchronous learning in terms of 'where'.
Access to more information	The use of hyperlinks, archived information, the entire Web, peer comments, and exercises etc. offers a wealth of learning experiences that are impossible in other learning environments.
Enhances the retention	The use of multimedia (sound, sight, and simulations) adds value as an educational experience. The more senses involved in learning, the better the retention.
Just-in-time enhancements	Content is easily updated on the fly, unlike textbooks and handout materials that can become dated minutes following publication and are not as easily replaceable.
Consistent delivery	Courses can be delivered consistently each time and for each participant.
Individualized training	E-learning offers the opportunity for students to train according to their own preferences, time constraints, and educational needs and managers to actively monitor learning patterns and results.
Accommodates different learning styles and speeds	E-learning solutions can offer the "see", "hear" and "do" through technology, meeting the needs of a wider range of students learning needs.
Greater storage capacity	Courses can be kept online indefinitely, and can handle larger volumes than books, CD-ROMs or even local hard drives.
Enables knowledge management	Knowledge management and e-learning are both about acquiring knowledge. Linking learning solutions and format knowledge dissemination solutions can provide a powerful competitive weapon.
(Unattributed. "E-learning Special Industry Report." Canaccord Capital IDC 2000. June 2000)

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Web-based Training

Web-based training is browser driven. For this reason, it is more accessible to many, but expensive for some (in Europe, Internet access is charged by the minute).

Web-based content can be easily changed or updated so that learners receive the most recent version. When training is complete, feedback in the form of test or quiz results can be given online and stored in databases or Learning Management Systems. Instructor feedback and follow-up can take the form of online chat rooms or e-mail.

Universal accessibility to the Web might require using limited bandwidth, which results in slower performance for sound and images. Avoid long downloading delays, since this can be a source of frustration for users. This module is a sample of low bandwidth, interactive, Web-based solution.

Here are some considerations for those budgeting for Web-based training:

• Does the content exist, or must it be developed?
• What are your technological constraints for development and for end-users? Will investments in new technology need to be made?
• Do you have the staff required in-house, or will you have to out-source?
• What are your time limitations? If additional people are needed, the cost will rise.
• What type of media will be used, and how much interactivity is desired? Both factors drive up cost.
• How much will the technology change?
• How dynamic is the subject matter? Does it need regular updates?
• Will the site include learning assessment capabilities? Must these be developed?